BSC Releases Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Report: Transaction Signatures Have Been Upgraded to ML-DSA-44, TPS Decrease Approximately 40%-50%

BlockBeats News, May 19th, BNB Chain released the "BSC Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Report" on May 14th, announcing the completion of post-quantum cryptography migration testing for transaction signatures and the consensus layer. The migration adopted the NIST-standardized quantum-resistant signature algorithm ML-DSA-44 (Dilithium) and the pqSTARK aggregation scheme.

The report indicates that BSC has replaced transaction signatures from ECDSA to ML-DSA-44 and switched the consensus voting aggregation from BLS12-381 to pqSTARK to address the potential threat of quantum computing to the existing elliptic curve cryptographic system.

However, post-quantum signatures have significantly increased on-chain data volume:

- The size of a single transaction has increased from about 110 bytes to around 2.5KB;

- The block size has increased from about 130KB to around 2MB under a 2000 TPS scenario;

- TPS has decreased by approximately 40%-50% in the test environment.

BSC stated that the current network bottleneck mainly stems from the larger transaction data propagation rather than the consensus protocol itself. Meanwhile, consensus layer aggregation still maintains high efficiency, as pqSTARK can achieve a signature compression ratio of about 43:1, and the additional burden on validators remains within a controllable range.

The report believes that existing technology can already achieve blockchain "post-quantumization" deployment, but future efforts are still needed to address issues related to network bandwidth and data scalability.