The Italian government bond auction saw weak demand, reflecting strong risk-off sentiment in the market and underlying concerns over long-term bond demand.

Harshita Mary Varghese, Reuters, October 9 - SpaceX SPCX.O has agreed to acquire a portfolio of low-band spectrum licenses covering the entire United States, in a deal reportedly valued at $8 billion. The company is seeking to expand its business beyond satellite internet and become a major competitor in the U.S. mobile market. SpaceX revealed its plans to enter the mobile service sector during its first earnings call in August. This announcement briefly weighed on the company’s stock price, and shares of the three major U.S. wireless carriers—AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon—were also affected as investors assessed the potential competitive threat. What is low-band spectrum? Low-band spectrum refers to radio waves that travel further and penetrate buildings better compared to higher frequencies, making them suitable for wide-area mobile network coverage. In contrast, mid-band and high-band spectrums can transmit more data at faster speeds but have a smaller coverage area. SpaceX has agreed to purchase up to 14 MHz of paired 800 MHz low-band spectrum licenses from Grain Management and plans to develop a hybrid architecture for Starlink Mobile, combining terrestrial infrastructure with satellite connectivity. How is the U.S. spectrum licensing system structured? Commercial spectrum is a scarce resource in the U.S., regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which typically allocates licenses for specific frequencies and geographic areas via auctions or other authorization processes. License holders must comply with technical rules and deployment requirements, and transfers of licenses usually require regulatory approval before obligations are fulfilled. The spectrum license deal recently struck by SpaceX is pending FCC approval. Which low-band spectrum do the three major carriers hold? AT&T’s low-band spectrum includes the 700 MHz and 850 MHz bands, as well as 600 MHz spectrum licenses acquired this July through the purchase of EchoStar. Verizon holds spectrum in the 700 MHz and 850 MHz bands, while T-Mobile’s low-band holdings include 600 MHz and 700 MHz spectrum. What are the plans for STARLINK MOBILE? The company plans to integrate these spectrum licenses into its next-generation satellite system, while also deploying terrestrial radio equipment and antennas on communication towers and rooftops. The FCC this week approved Starlink Mobile’s application for its second-generation (Gen2) satellite constellation, authorizing SpaceX to launch 15,000 satellites globally optimized for the 2 GHz spectrum.