Data: Cambridge study shows that 31% of ethereum node activity is located in the United States, and taking one-third of nodes offline could block network finality.

ChainCatcher reports, according to The Block, that the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF) has released its latest report, “The Merged Ethereum.” The report indicates that approximately 31% of Ethereum node activity is located in the United States, while 39% is distributed in the European Union (excluding the United Kingdom), showing an overall pattern of Western-centralized node distribution.

The report points out that Ethereum faces potential centralization risks—nodes are highly concentrated on three hosting providers: Hetzner, AWS, and OVH. If more than one-third of validators go offline simultaneously, the network’s checkpoint finalization would halt. In addition, the report recalculated Ethereum’s energy consumption: after the Merge, annual electricity usage is around 7.9 GWh, down by approximately 99.98% compared to pre-Merge, with over 56% of energy coming from sustainable sources. The costs needed to offset its annual carbon emissions are estimated at only about $33,500 to $73,800.