Kwenta Kurs

I have written on ZK Coprocessors. However, during the week, I read @brevis_zk's Pico Prism blog, and I was wowed. The execution level is amazing. Let's check it out together. TL;DR So here is what happened. Between September 1 and October 3, @brevis_zk ran what they called "Pico Prism," and it proved that 99.6% of Ethereum blocks could be processed in under 12 seconds. The setup utilized 64 RTX 5090 GPUs across 8 servers, with a total hardware cost of approximately $128K. The average proving time was 6.9 seconds, and 96.8% of blocks completed below 10 seconds. Interestingly, the test used Ethereum’s full 45M gas block limit. To understand how big that is, it helps to look back. Earlier in the year, @SuccinctLabs’s SP1 Hypercube achieved 93% of blocks under 12 seconds with an average of 10.3 seconds. Their setup used 160 RTX 4090 GPUs and cost between $300K and $400K, though they estimated this could fall to $100K as hardware improves. This is the tech @Mantle_Official uses. I know all of the above are still jargon to you. We should analyze Brevis one after the other for proper understanding... ------ 📌 What Is Brevis? Two products connect the existence of Brevis. The first is a ZK Data Coprocessor. Like I've explained in earlier zk coprocessor posts, it allows smart contracts to use proven facts about what has already happened on-chain. This means contracts can pull verified data like trading volume, liquidity behavior, debt health, or even a user’s long-term activity. These are the kinds of complex calculations that normal contracts cannot do cheaply. To make it more concrete, imagine a lending app that wants to check how long a user has stayed in healthy debt before offering a discount. Normally, it would need an oracle or a manual check. Using @brevis_zk, the app can instantly prove that history. Coinbase Cloud already runs Brevis as an actively validated service on EigenLayer, and they have shown how the developer workflow looks in practice. The second product is Pico, a Modular zkVM and Coprocessor toolkit. Think of it as the core engine that powers everything Brevis does. Pico uses what Vitalik once described as a “glue and coprocessor” design. The glue is a general virtual machine that manages recursion and proof aggregation, that is, smart contracts that hold logic together. While the coprocessors are specialized circuits that handle heavy or specific tasks or do the hard computation. Developers can combine these components, swap proving backends, and even build their own application-level coprocessors. ------ 📌 Where is Brevis Proving Itself? Brevis is now powering some of the biggest DeFi and blockchain platforms, including those running on BNB Chain, Linea, and EigenLayer: → @PancakeSwap Infinity integrated Brevis-powered hooks to ensure that liquidity pools can run fee discounts and loyalty programs based on proven user history. This means a user who provides liquidity regularly can automatically earn lower fees or better rewards without needing extra verification steps. The system reads verified on-chain data in real time during each swap. → @MetaMask partnered with Linea and Brevis to deliver zk-proven rewards for MetaMask Card users with Aave positions. The setup computes rewards every four hours and settles them on-chain through a system called "Incentra," ensuring that users are already earning rewards powered by verified proofs, not centralized logic. Brevis also launched a propose and challenge coprocessing cochain as an Actively Validated Service (AVS) on @eigenlayer. On its first day, the network listed 29 operators with >$1.6B in restake commitments from partners. The model reduces cost because apps can accept optimistic results quickly while still keeping a zk-proof path to challenge any incorrect result. ------ 📌 The Economic Layer Brevis runs on: 1. Hardware: Brevis structures its proving system around a distributed GPU setup built for parallel computation and efficiency. The system runs proofs across several consumer-grade GPUs working together in stages, such as data ingestion, witness computation, aggregation, and verification preparation. Each stage processes different parts of the task at the same time, then merges everything into compact proofs. This approach makes the hardware layer modular, scalable, and easy to deploy without relying on specialized machines. 2. Operator Markets: Brevis runs on @eigenlayer, meaning it inherits security and reliability from restaked operators. @coinbase Cloud already runs Brevis’s AVS, and the list of operators includes projects like @ankr, @ChorusOne, @kiln_finance, and @NethermindEth. We also have @jojo_exchange using it for ZK-proven funding rates, Kwenta using it for accessing historical data across $60B+ in trading volume, @LineaBuild distributed 1B tokens using Brevis proofs, @Frax, @GammaStrategies, @TrustaLabs, etc. This structure matters because Brevis can scale with the existing operator ecosystem and use its discipline and reputation. 3. Demand: Proven data and proven compute unlock immediately monetizable flows: → Discounts and routing on a DEX. → Incentives that key on user behavior without trusted oracles. → Under-collateral liquidation checks that look at multi-market exposure. The willingness to pay is highest where the proof saves capital or captures flow. 4. Supply: Proof markets are building up. @SuccinctLabs runs a growing prover network and even onboarded @cysic_xyz as a hardware-accelerated prover. Other hardware-centric proof layers like Cysic are pushing real-time proving as a service. So, we should expect clearing prices for a given latency and coverage objective. Brevis can both generate and consume that supply as Pico and its coprocessors evolve. ------ 📌 How Far Can This Go → In the near term, DeFi applications are about to become more state-aware. Before a swap happens, pools can check user history to offer personalized fee cuts. Liquidity rewards can target addresses that have supported price stability over time. Lending markets can reward borrowers who maintain healthy debt instead of simply tracking balances at snapshots. All these features are already possible through the Brevis Portal and its data coprocessor. → In the medium term, governance systems can start enforcing budgets based on verified performance. Since zk-proofs can confirm complex metrics across long time frames, protocol treasuries will only release funds when measurable goals are achieved. The cochain setup makes this cheaper by allowing optimistic results while keeping a zk-proof fallback for disputes. → In the long term, the same proving efficiency could influence the base layer itself. If one prover can cheaply convince every node that a block is valid, networks could scale throughput without requiring every validator to run large infrastructure. Brevis is already close to full real-time coverage on current Ethereum blocks, showing that this idea is moving from theory to implementation. ------ 📌 Brevis Versus Other Provers There are other Provers in the space, each solving a different part of the proving problem. We have: → SP1 Hypercube by @SuccinctLabs: This is one of the fastest zkVMs in the market and forms part of a growing prover network. SP1 set early performance standards for real-time proving and continues to pursue formal verification for its hardware chips. Brevis now records higher block coverage and lower cost per block at current gas limits, but both projects are moving the field forward in valuable ways. → @RiscZero Bonsai: This project has built strong developer traction with an easy-to-use proving service for Rust programs. It is well-suited for application logic and client-side proofs.. → @axiom_xyz: Axiom focuses on historical state queries using Halo2 circuits. It specializes in correctness, auditability, and verifiable data access, making it a great fit for analytics and state proofs that require precision. → @lagrangedev and @SpaceandTimeDB: These systems approach coprocessing through SQL-based queries. They are ideal when the goal is to verify relational data or run structured analytics. Brevis takes a broader approach using zkVM plus a coprocessor model and is already embedded in AMMs, wallets, and reward systems. → @cysic_xyz and hardware-heavy layers: Hardware layers like Cysic provide proving acceleration through advanced silicon. Brevis benefits from this trend because its architecture already supports multi-GPU parallelism. As proof generation gets faster and cheaper, prover networks and zk coprocessors will scale naturally through cleaner and more efficient parallel proof graphs. Read about other zk coprocessors here:

3.1/ Excluding blockchain costs, incentives are the biggest expense at $141M (85%). Grants follow at $13M. Ranked by initiative: 1. STIP & STIP Backfund: $103M 2. LTIP, STIP Bridge & Kwenta Incentives: $38M 3. Gaming Catalyst Program: $7.1M

The value of sETH is maintained through the use of price feeds supplied by a decentralized network of oracles, provided by Chainlink. This ensures that the price of sETH closely tracks the real-time price of Ether, making it an attractive option for those looking to gain exposure to Ether's price movements without holding the actual cryptocurrency. Trading sETH offers several benefits, such as the ability to trade against other synthetic assets without the traditional slippage experienced in conventional exchanges. This is because trades are executed within the Synthetix protocol itself, which uses a unique mechanism to facilitate liquidity and ensure efficient trading.Furthermore, sETH plays a crucial role within the broader Synthetix ecosystem, which includes platforms like Kwenta and Synthetix.Exchange. These platforms allow users to trade a wide range of synthetic assets, including cryptocurrencies, commodities, and fiat currencies, providing a versatile trading experience. It's important for potential investors to conduct thorough research and consider the inherent risks associated with trading synthetic assets and participating in the DeFi space. The innovative nature of these technologies offers new opportunities but also comes with its set of challenges and risks.

重点：美国是否会停止干涉加密货币成为后续山寨季到来的核心， 特朗普的共和党官方政纲刚刚表示，他们将支持加密货币创新。 这是根据共和党全国委员会周一发布的一份文件。 更加重要的事情是：他们还将反对创建中央银行数字货币 这意味着去中心化和中心化的稳定币都将有更好的发展空间。 项目细节： 1.Optimism $OP 启动了 SuperFest，SuperFest是一个奖励用户在 Optimism 超级链中探索 DeFi 的活动。 2.永续合约聚合器RageTrade 正在 HyperLiquid L1 上推出其 $RAGE 代币。 3.Kwenta 正在讨论将 $GMX 和 Gains Network 的流动性整合到 Kwenta 的永续合约市场中。 4.Puffer Finance 推出了 Puffer UniFi。Puffer UniFi是一个基于 Rollup 的解决方案，将提供原生收益、无GAS交易和增强的安全性等功能。 5.Tally是一个 DAO 治理程序，推出了与 Symbiotic 合作的 Governance Restaking。 6.Jupitor $JUP 推出了名为 an ape 的 memecoin 交易平台，提供一个安全的钱包金库，用户可以通过存入$ SOL 开始交易。 7.Aave 推出了 $Aevo 策略。它们是自动交易金库，可以代表用户执行复杂的策略。